Climate and Weather of Canada

The majority of Canada has a continental climate, with the temperate continental and cool continental climates being the most common. In the northern parts of Canada, this transitions into a tundra climate. Above the Arctic Circle, there are areas so cold that they have a permanent snow and ice climate.

Winters can be harsh in many regions of the country, particularly in the interior and Prairie provinces. In these areas, daily average temperatures can be around -15°C during winter but can drop below -40°C with severe wind chills. In non-coastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year.

Influence of Ocean Currents

Ocean currents have a significant influence on Canada's climate. In the west, the seawater is relatively warm, making the west coast of Canada much milder and more pleasant than the east coast. In the east, the Labrador Current brings in relatively cool seawater. As a result, the province of British Columbia has a much milder climate. In summer, the heat is moderated by the seawater, while in winter, the sea and mountains help ensure that the coastal areas in southwestern Canada have relatively mild winters. This makes this part of Canada considerably warmer in winter compared to other regions, where temperatures are generally cold to very cold.

Summer Temperatures

On the east and west coasts, summer average maximum temperatures are generally in the low 20°C range. Inland, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25°C to 30°C, with occasional extreme heat in some interior locations exceeding 40°C.

Rainfall in Canada

During summer, rainfall is high in Toronto, often falling throughout the month, making the weather unpredictable from moment to moment. The most rainfall in Canada in July occurs in Quebec City, with an average of 121 mm. The least amount of rain in July falls in Victoria, with an average of 14 mm.

Select a Month of Interest

Check the conditions for any month of the year.